PHYSICS M - Z
Academic Year 2023/2024 - Teacher: Alessandro RidolfoExpected Learning Outcomes
The course aims to provide basic concepts and methodological tools that are important for interpreting and study the main physical phenomena. Particular importance will be given to the contribution of physics to applications in the biomedical field contained in the program. At the end of the course, the student will have acquired reasoning skills inductive and deductive, will be able to schematize a phenomenon in terms of physical quantities and set up a problem and solve it with analytical methods. The formal correctness in the presentation of the topics covered are taken into particular consideration, in the context of mathematical knowledge acquired by the student in previous courses. The training objectives of the course will therefore be knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals physics and applicative skills related to methodological and instrumental procedures also useful in research in the biological field.
Course Structure
The course includes 7 CFU of lectures (49 hours) and 1 CFU (12 hours) of classroom exercises. The lectures will focus on the methodological contents of the discipline, applicative contents and the problem solving. If the teaching is given in mixed or remote mode, they can be introduced necessary changes with respect to what was previously stated, in order to comply with the program provided and reported in the syllabus.
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
Attendance is recommended.
The attendance to the lessons, and the consequent study, will be of great use for the understanding of the various ones subjects. In the classroom, the resolution of exercises similar to those contained in the test will also be addressed written.
Detailed Course Content
INTRODUCTION: physical quantities, units of measurement, significant figures, measurement error, scalar and vector quantities, operations with vectors, components of a vector and vector units.
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE MOTION: Vectors displacement, speed and acceleration, motion with constant speed, motion with constant acceleration, motion in two dimensions.
DYNAMICS, LAWS OF MOTION: Force, First, Second and Third Newton's law, gravitational force, motion of a projectile, forces of friction, dynamics of circular motion; motion in the presence of speed-dependent retarding forces.
WORK AND ENERGY: Work of a force - Kinetic energy theorem - Conservative forces - Potential - Conservation of mechanical energy - Conservation of momentum.
ROTATIONAL MOTION: Rotational kinematics - Moment of forces - Conservation of angular momentum - Gravitational and electrostatic field - Gauss' theorem and its applications.
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS: Properties of fluids - Statics of fluids: laws of Pascal, Stevino and Archimedes - Ideal fluids and Bernoulli's theorem - Laminar motion of a viscous fluid: Poiseuille's law - Blood circulation and work of the heart - Turbulent flow - Sedimentation - Surface phenomena: Laplace's law and capillarity phenomena.
THERMODYNAMICS: Thermometry and calorimetry - Specific heat of substances - Elements of kinetic theory of gases - State of a thermodynamic system - Joule's experience - Equivalence between heat and work - Internal energy and first law of thermodynamics - Generalities of thermodynamic transformations - Reversible and irreversible - Thermal machines - Second law of thermodynamics - Entropy.
ELECTRIC CHARGE, ELECTROSTATIC FIELD AND POTENTIAL: Electric charge - - Conductors and insulators - Coulomb's law - Electrostatic field - Lines of force, potential and electrostatic potential energy - Capacitors - Dielectric - Energy density of the electric field.
ELECTRIC CURRENT: Electric current - Resistance and Ohm's law - Electric currents in conductors and electrolytes - Model for electrical conduction - Electricity and power - Conduction of impulses in the nervous system.
MAGNETIC FIELDS: Magnetic field - Motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field - Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor - Magnetic field produced by a current - Biot-Savart's law, - Ampere's law - Induced electromotive force - Faraday's law and induction - Lenz's law - Maxwell's equations - Electromagnetic waves.
WAVING PHENOMENA: Wave motion - Equation of waves - Longitudinal and transverse waves - Plane waves and spherical waves - Monochromatic waves - Doppler effect - Sound and its characteristics - Physics of the ear - Ultrasound.
ELEMENTS OF OPTICS: Reflection and refraction - Snell's law - Huygens' principle - Approximation of geometric optics - Spherical diopter - Thin lenses - Geometric construction of images - Microscope - Physical optics - Coherent sources - Interference - Diffraction - Diffraction grating - Resolution of an optical instrument - Polarization.
Textbook Information
1. J.W. Jewett, R.A. Serway: Principi di Fisica, Vol I, ultima edizione, EdiSES, Napoli
2. Douglas C. Giancoli: Fisica, Principi e Applicazioni, ultima edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
3. A. Lascialfari, F. Borsa: Principi di Fisica, per indirizzo biomedico e farmaceutico, ultima edizione, EdiSES, Napoli
4. Ezio Ragozzino, Principi di Fisica, EdiSES Napoli, 2012, 978-88-7959-6.
Students are free to use any other text that may be more convenient for them.Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction and vectors | Textbook 1.: ch. 1; Textbook 2.: ch. 1, par. 3.1-3.5 |
| 2 | Motion description | Textbook 1: ch. 2, ch.3; Textbook 2.: ch. 2, ch.3 |
| 3 | Laws of dynamics | Textbook 1: ch.5; Textbook 2.: ch.4 |
| 4 | Frictional forces and dynamics of circular motion | Textbook 1: ch.4; Textbook 2: par.4.8; ch.5 |
| 5 | Energy and Work | Textbook 1: ch.6; Textbook 2.: par. 6.1-6.3 |
| 6 | Conservation of momentum | Textbook 1: par. 8.1, 8.2; Textbook 2.: par 7.1, 7.2 |
| 7 | Conservative fields - Potential - Energy Mechanics | Textbook1:ch.7; Textbook 2.:par 6.4-6.10 |
| 8 | Rotational motion | Textbook 1: ch.10; Textbook 2.: ch.8 |
| 9 | Fluid Mechanics | Textbook 1: ch.15; Textbook 2.: ch.10 |
| 10 | Temperature and kinetic theory of gases | Textbook 1: chp.16; Textbook 2.: ch.13 |
| 11 | Principles of Thermodynamics | Textbook 1: ch.17, ch.18; Textbook 2.: ch.14, 15 |
| 12 | Electric Forces and Electric Fields | Textbook 1: ch.19; Textbook 2.: ch.16 |
| 13 | Electric Potential and Capacity | Textbook 1: ch. 20; Textbook 2.: ch.17 |
| 14 | Electric current and Ohm's law | Textbook 1: par. 21.1-21.4; Textbook 2.: ch.18 |
| 15 | Forces and Magnetic Fields | Textbook 1: ch.22; Textbook 2.: ch.20 |
| 16 | Faraday's law and inductance | Textbook 1: ch.23; Textbook 2.: par. 21.1-21.3, 22.1 |
| 17 | Electromagnetic waves | Textbook 1: par 24.7; Textbook 2.: ch.22 |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
The exam consists of two tests, one written and one oral. The writing test will be evaluated for admission purposes to the oral exam. The evaluation of the oral exam constitutes the final grade. The student can decide to do the oral part in the same session in which you did the written exam, or in the subsequent session. When passing the written test, consisting in solving some exercises (usually 4), the oral exam will give the opportunity to verify the knowledge, understanding and presentation of the topics covered during the lessons.
Ongoing tests
Attending students will be able to carry out ongoing tests. Two checks will be carried out in itinere: the first in the middle of the course on the part of the program up to fluid dynamics, the second at the end of course on the topics of the remaining part of the program. Those who pass the ongoing checks are exempt from taking the written test required for the final exam, if this is taken within the First Exam Session. The ongoing tests consist in the administration of multiple choice and closed answer questions and / or exercises. Verification of learning can also be carried out electronically, if the conditions are so should require.
Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises
The laws of dynamics, forces of friction, conservative forces, work and energy, acoustic waves, theorem of Bernoulli, sedimentation velocity, electric field and electric potential, Faraday's law, waves electromagnetic, optical fibers, motion of a charge in a magnetic field.