COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND BASIC EMBRIOLOGY
Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: Venera FERRITOExpected Learning Outcomes
The teaching aims to provide an insight into the anatomical and morpho-functional organization of vertebrates through a comparative approach . Macro and microscopic characters of organs will be analyzed within an evolutionary context. The theoretical description of each apparatus will be accompanied by the analysis of anatomical models during practical laboratories. The students will then have to acquire detailed knowledges morpho-functional of vertebrates using the basic concepts of comparative surveys as scientific methodology.
Expected results - To have undergraduates know both the organization and functioning of the vertebrates body on the basis of the ontogenesis of the anatomical structures within a phylogenetic context; and to have them acquire the basic relationship between form and function. To develop autonomy of judgment on the biological mechanisms that drive evolutionary and adaptative processes in animals.- To develop communication skills using a specific technical-scientific terminology.
Course Structure
Lectures and laboratories
Required Prerequisites
Detailed Course Content
Introduction to the development of the animals and to the cellular basis of morphogenesis. Gametogenesis. Insemination. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Organogenesis. Outline of models of development in invertebrates and vertebrates. - Introduction to the study of the organ systems of vertebrates and their evolution. Unity of the structure of the Vertebrates. - Protection. Tegument and its derivatives, structure and functions of the skin, the tegument of the fish: the importance of dermal derivatives, the tegument of tetrapods: the importance of dander. - Coordination and integration. Nervous system and sense organs. The nervous system: outlines, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, the brain and its evolution, the organ of smell, the ear and the eye. - Support. The skull: relations between cranial components and evolution; axial skeleton: the evolution of the vertebrae, appendicular skeleton - Origin, structure and adaptations of limbs in tetrapods. - Excretion and reproduction. The urinary system: structure and evolution of the kidney; osmoregulation in freshwater, sea water and land vertebrates. Reproductive system: development and differentiation of the gonads. Genital ducts. - Circulation. Evolution of the cardiovascular system of vertebrates. Functional considerations and models of blood circulation. - Breathing. Main functions and structural organization of the respiratory system in aquatic vertebrates and in terrestrial ones. - Nutrition. General information on the development, structure and function of the digestive system.
Textbook Information
Stingo et al. Aatomia Comparata. Edi-Ermes. Liem-Bemis-Walker-Grande. Anatomia Comparata dei Vertebrati. Una visione funzionale ed evolutiva. EdiSES. Zavanella e Cardani "Manuale di Anatomia dei Vertebrati" Antonio Delfino Editore. Gilbert Biologia dello sviluppo
Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | General concepts of Embryology | Cap. 3 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 2 | Early developmental stages of Vertebrates | Cap. 3 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 3 | Vertebrate organization plan | Cap. 1 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 4 | Tegumentary apparatus: integument of primitive aquatic vertebrates | Cap. 4 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 5 | Tegumentary apparatus: integument of terrestrial ectothermic vertebrates: Amphibians and Reptiles | Cap. 4 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 6 | Tegumentary apparatus: integument of terrestrial vertebrates endotherms: Birds and Mammals | Cap. 4 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 7 | Generalities on the skeletal system | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 8 | Skull: chondrocranium, splanchnocranium, and dermatocraniumdevelopment | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 9 | Evolution of the splanchnocranium: appearance of the jaws | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 10 | Suspension of jaws to skull | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 11 | *11. Evoluzione della scatola cranica propriamente detta | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 12 | *12. Evoluzione del dermatocranio | Cap. 5 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 13 | *13. Organogenesi del cuore | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 14 | *14. Evoluzione della cavità cardiaca | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 15 | *15. Evoluzione del sistema arterioso | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 16 | *16. Evoluzione degli archi aortici | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 17 | 17. Evoluzione del sistema venoso | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 18 | 18. Evoluzione del sistema linfatico | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 19 | *19. Modelli di circolazione sanguigna | Cap. 7 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 20 | 20. Sistema respiratorio: generalità | Cap. 8 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 21 | 21. Sistema renale: generalità. | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 22 | *22. Origine embrionale delle strutture renali | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 23 | *23. Struttura del nefrone | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 24 | *24. Il rene degli Anamni | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 25 | *25. Il rene degli Amnioti | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 26 | *26. Osmoregolazione nei pesci | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 27 | *27. Osmoregolazione nei tetrapodi | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 28 | *28. Escrezione dei prodotti azotati | Cap. 10 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 29 | *29. Origine e sviluppo delle gonadi | Cap. 11 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 30 | *30. Organizzazione generale del sistema digerente | Cap. 9 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 31 | *31. Sistema nervoso: generalità | Cap. 14 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 32 | *32. Sviluppo del sistema nervoso | Cap. 14 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 33 | *33. Midollo spinale: generalità, nervi spinali ed evoluzione | Cap. 14 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 34 | *34. Suddivisione di base dell'encefalo dei vertebrati | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 35 | *35. Midollo allungato | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 36 | *36. Cervelletto | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 37 | *37. Mesencefalo | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 38 | *38. Diencefalo | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 39 | *39. Telencefalo | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 40 | *40. Principali vie ascendenti dal midollo spinale | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 41 | *41. Circuiti e vie motorie | Cap. 15 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 42 | *42. Nervi cranici | Cap. 14 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 43 | *43. Organi di senso: olfatto | Cap. 16 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 44 | *44. Organi di senso: occhio | Cap. 16 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 45 | *45. Sviluppo embrionale dell'occhio | Cap. 16 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 46 | *46. Organi di senso: orecchio | Cap. 16 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 47 | *47. Orecchio interno, medio ed esterno | Cap. 16 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
| 48 | 48. Stadio filotipico e vincoli di sviluppo | Cap. 18 Stingo et al. ''Anatomia Comparata'' edi-ermes |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
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