Integrative Course: Animal and plant environmental bio-indicatorsModule BIOINDICATORI AMBIENTALI ANIMALI
Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: MIRELLA CLAUSIExpected Learning Outcomes
The main objectives of the animal environmental bioindicators module are the knowledge the animal organisms that are best suited to be used as bioindicators and / or bioaccumulators, the methodologies that can be used for this purpose and the indexes commonly used in the survey. The course also offers an in-depth knowledge of the Nematodes for the study of the quality of the environment and its variations.
Course Structure
Lectures, exercises in the classroom and in the field. Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
compulsoryDetailed Course Content
Bio-monitoring and bio-valutation and bioaccumulation. Role of micro-, meso- and macrofauna in soil and fresh-water. Main animal taxa used as bioindicators. Biotic indexes. Nematodes as bioindicators. Study of nematodes morphological characters and knowledge of their most important families. Soil maturity index. Trophic groups and guilds. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN).
Textbook Information
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1. Clausi M. – Manuale per lo studio ed il riconoscimento dei Nematodi del suolo (dispense) 2. Bioindicatori ambientali – a cura di Francesco Sartori – Fondazione Lombardia per l’ambiente- http://www.fratticci.com/varie/bioindicatori.pdf (approfondimento). |
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2. Articoli scientifici: a) Parisi V., 2001. La qualità biologica del suolo: un metodo basato sui microartropodi. Acta naturalia de "L'Ateneo Parmense", 37, nn 3/4: 97-106. b) D'avino L., 2002. Esposizione del metodo di Vittorio Parisi per la valutazione della Qualità Biologia del Suolo (QBS) e proposta di standardizzazione delle procedure. Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Parma. CD ROM - Parma, gennaio 2002. c) Paoletti, M. G., Sommaggio, D., & Fusaro, S., 2013. Proposta di Indice di Qualità Biologica del Suolo (QBS- basato sui Lombrichi e applicato agli Agroecosistemi. Biologia Ambientale, 27(2), 25-43. d) Bongers, T., 1990. The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia, 83(1), 14-19. e) Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T. D., De Goede, R. G. M., Freckman, D. W., & Georgieva, S. S., 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—an outline for soil ecologists.Journal of nematology, 25(3), 315. f) Bongers, T., & Ferris, H., 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(6), 224-228. g) Ferris, H. & Bongers, T. 2009. Indices developed specifically for analysis of nematode assemblages.Nematodes as environmental indicators, 124-145. h) Ghetti P.F., 1997: “Manuale di Applicazione: Indice Biotico Esteso - I macroinvertebrati nel controllo della qualità degli ambienti di acque correnti”, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Servizio Protezione Ambiente. i) Buffagni A., Erba S., 2014 Linee guida per la valutazione della componente macrobentonica fluviale ai sensi del DM 260/2010. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/manuali-lineeguida/MLG_107_14.pdf |
Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Course contents, type of exam, micro-arthropods and microfauna, video projection on soil fauna and nematodes, biodiversity of nematodes. | Slides “Bioindicators” |
| 2 | *2. Biomonitoring, bioindication, bioaccumulation. General Nematodes. Nematode sampling and extraction techniques. | Slides “Bioindicators”; Lectures Clausi; Slides “Nematology” |
| 3 | 3. Bioindicators *, responses to the disorder *, limits of the bioindicator *. Role of pedofauna *, classification of pedofauna, * micro-meso and macrofauna *: composition and role. Nematode morphology *: cuticle and sense organs. Sorting nematodes | Slides “Bioindicators”; Lectures Clausi; Slides “Nematology” |
| 4 | * 4. Pharynx and mouth cavity of nematodes: morphological characters and evolution of the structures in the different families. Slide assembly | Lectures Clausi; Slides “Nematology” |
| 5 | * 5. Edaphic fauna: adaptations and vulnerabilities. Biological forms. Echomorphological index in the various groups and QBS-ar index. Calculation of humidity. Quality classes. Sampling protocol and study of the fauna for the calculation of the QBS-ar | Slides “Bioindicators”; Papers a, b |
| 6 | 6. Biological and morphological characteristics of the various groups of arthropod fauna used for the evaluation of soil quality. | Slides “Bioindicators” |
| 7 | 7. Examination and discussion of QBS-ar application cases. Other indices *: QBSc; Mites / Collemboli; A. Oribatei / Collemboli; A. Oribatei / other Mites. Arthropod sorting of the soil | Slides “Bioindicators”; Paper a |
| 8 | 8. Earthworms: ecological characteristics, bioaccumulation * Bioindication with the use of earthworms: QBS-e *. Araneids: ecological characteristics, bioaccumulation, Araneids as bioindicators *. Arthropod sorting of the soil | Slides “Bioindicators”; Slides “Bioindicators 2”; Paper c. |
| 9 | 9. Nematodes as bioindicators: characteristics that make them so *. MI, PPI, MI 2-5. Trophic groups *. Arthropod sorting of the soil | Lecture Clausi; Slides “Nematology”; Papersd, e, f. |
| 10 | 10. Carabidae and Scolitidae as bioindicators *. Bioaccumulators *: Earthworms, Spiders, Bees. Toxicity tests *: Panagrellus redivivus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Folsomia candida. Arthropod sorting of the soil | Slides “Bioindicators 2” |
| 11 | 11. * Entomopathogenic nematodes: sampling, extraction, species, symbiotic bacteria. Evolution. Mechanism of action, cycle and application. Observation of the cycle | Slides “EPN”; Lecture Clausi |
| 12 | 12. Meaning of the trophic groups of nematodes *. Functional groups *. Trophic network analysis *. Indices *: enrichment, structural, of the channel. | Slides “Nematology”; Lecture Clausi; paper g. |
| 13 | Case study. Recognition of nematode families | Slides "Nematologia"; Lecture Clausi |
| 14 | 14. * Directive 2000/60 / EC. Ecological Quality Report (EQR) and Quality Classes. the Index of the Ecological Status of Fish Communities, ISECI. Zoographic-ecological zones and guide species. Extended Biotic Index (IBE) and benthic macroinvertebrates. STAR_ICM-i index | Slides “Rivers”; Papers h, i |